NADPH, a directly operating antioxidant ABSTRACT Endogenous oxygen- and nitrogen-centered free radicals are considered to play a decisive role in a variety of diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, atherosclerosis, or cancer. Directly operating antioxidants limit the action of freely diffusing radicals by scavenging the attacking, oxidizing radical and rereducing the oxidized biomolecule, i.e., the biomolecule-…
NADNADH and NADPNADPH in Cellular Functions and ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence has suggested that NAD (including NAD and NADH) and NADP (including NADP and NADPH) could belong to the fundamental common mediators of various biological processes, including energy metabolism, mitochondrial functions, calcium homeostasis, antioxidation/generation of oxidative stress, gene expression, immunological functions, aging, and cell death: First,…
Ca2+, NAD(P)H and membrane potential The present studywas undertaken to determine the main metabolic secretory signals generated by the mitochondrial substrate MeS (methyl succinate) compared with glucose in mouse and rat islets and to understand the differences. Glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism both have key roles in the stimulation of insulin secretion by glucose. Both fuels…
Ca2+ controls slow NAD(P)H oscillations in glucose-stimulated mouse pancreatic islets Exposure of pancreatic islets of Langerhans to physiological concentrations of glucose leads to secretion of insulin in an oscillatory pattern. The oscillations in insulin secretion are associated with oscillations in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c). Evidence suggests that the oscillations in [Ca2+]c and secretion are driven…
Angiotensin II Stimulates NADH and NADPH Oxidase Activity
NAD(P)H a directly operating antioxidant
NAD in Skin Abstract: The maintenance and regulation of cellular NAD(P)(H) content and its influence on cell function involves many metabolic pathways, some of which remain poorly understood. Niacin deficiency in humans, which leads to low NAD status, causes sun sensitivity in skin, indicative of deficiencies in responding to UV damage. Animal models of niacin…
Inhibition of NAD(P)H_quinone oxidoreductase NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) regulates the stability of the tumor suppressor WT p53. NQO1 binds and stabilizes WT p53, whereas NQO1 inhibitors including dicoumarol and various other coumarins and flavones induce ubiquitin-independent proteasomal p53 degradation and thus inhibit p53-induced apoptosis. Here, we show that curcumin, a natural phenolic compound found in…
Engineering of a functional human NADH-dependent cytochrome P450 system A functional human NADH-dependent cytochrome P450 system has been developed by altering the cofactor preference of human NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), the redox partner for P450s. This has been achieved by a single amino acid change of the conserved aromatic amino acid Trp-676, which covers…